JEE Main Syllabus 2019

• JEE Main 2019 Syllabus - Paper I
• Mathematics
• ·         Sets, relations and functions
• ·         Complex numbers and quadratic equations
• ·         Matrices and determinants
• ·         Mathematical reasoning
• ·         Mathematical induction
• ·         Permutations and combinations
• ·         Sequences and series
• ·         Limit, continuity and differentiability
• ·         Integral calculus
• ·         Differential equations
• ·         Binomial theorem and its simple applications
• ·         Three-dimensional geometry
• ·         Vector algebra
• ·         Co-ordinate geometry
• ·         Statistics and probability
• ·         Trigonometry
• Physics
• Section A
• ·         Physics and measurement
• ·         Kinematics
• ·         Thermodynamics
• ·         Work, energy and power
• ·         Rotational motion
• ·         Gravitation
• ·         Laws of motion
• ·         Properties of solids and liquids
• ·         Electronic devices
• ·         Kinetic theory of gases
• ·         Oscillations and waves
• ·         Communication systems
• ·         Current electricity
• ·         Magnetic effects of current and magnetism
• ·         Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents
• ·         Electromagnetic waves
• ·         Optics
• ·         Dual nature of matter and radiation
• ·         Electrostatics
• ·         Atoms and nuclei
• Section B
• ·         Experimental Skills (complete syllabus in link below)
• Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry
• ·         Some basic concepts in chemistry
• ·         States of matter
• ·         Atomic structure
• ·         Chemical bonding and molecular structure
• ·         Chemical thermodynamics
• ·         Solutions
• ·         Equilibrium
• ·         Redox reactions and electrochemistry
• ·         Chemical kinetics
• ·         Surface chemistry
• Organic Chemistry
• ·         Purification and characterisation of organic compounds
• ·         Hydrocarbons
• ·         Chemistry in everyday life
• ·         Principles related to practical chemistry
• ·         Organic compounds containing halogens
• ·         Organic compounds containing oxygen
• ·         Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• ·         Polymers
• ·         Some basic principles of organic chemistry
• ·         Biomolecules
• Inorganic Chemistry
• ·         Classification of elements and periodicity in properties
• ·         Hydrogen
• ·         Block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals)
• ·         P Block elements group 13 to group 18 elements
• ·         d- and f - block elements
• ·         Co-ordination compounds
• ·         Environmental chemistry
• ·         General principles and processes of isolation of metals
•  

NCERT 12 BIO 1 CH

Question 5:
How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those
formed by sexual reproduction?
Answer 5:
Progeny formed from asexual                                Progeny formed from sexual

      reproduction                                                                 reproduction
1. Asexual reproduction does not involve            Sexual reproduction involves the
   the fusion of the male and the female                fusion of the male and the female
   gamete. Organisms undergoing this                   gamete of two individuals, typically
   kind of reproduction produce                             one of each sex. Organisms
   offspring’s that are morphologically                 undergoing this kind of reproduction
    and genetically identical to them                         produce offspring’s that are not
                                                                                      identical to them.
2.Offsprings thus produced do not show          Offspring’s thus produced show
   variations and are called clones.                      variations from each other and their
                                                                                   parents.


Question 6:
What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
Answer 6:
Vegetative propagation is a mode of asexual reproduction in which new
plants are obtained from the vegetative parts of plants. It does not involve
the production of seeds or spores for the propagation of new plants.
Vegetative parts of plants such as runners, rhizomes, suckers, tubers, etc.
can be used as propagules for raising new plants.
Examples of vegetative reproduction are:
1. Eyes of potato:
The surface of a potato has several buds called eyes. Each of these buds
when buried in soil develops into a new plant, which is identical to the
parent plant.


2. Leaf buds of Bryophyllum:
The leaves of Bryophyllum plants bear several adventitious buds on their
margins. These leaf buds have the ability to grow and develop into tiny
plants when the leaves get detached from the plant and come in contact with
moist soil.

Question 8:
Define
(a) Juvenile phase,
(b) Reproductive phase,
(c) Senescent phase.
Answer 8:
(a) Juvenile phase:
It is the period of growth in an individual organism after its birth and before
it reaches reproductive maturity.
(b) Reproductive phase:
It is the period when an individual organism reproduces sexually.
(c) Senescent phase:
It is the period when an organism grows old and loses the ability to
reproduce.


Question 9:
Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its
complexity. Why?
Answer 9:
Although sexual reproduction involves more time and energy, higher
organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity.
This is because this mode of reproduction helps introduce new variations in
progenies through the combination of the DNA from two (usually) different
individuals. These variations allow the individual to cope with various
environmental conditions and thus, make the organism better suited for the
environment. Variations also lead to the evolution of better organisms and
therefore, provide better chances of survival. On the other hand, asexual
reproduction does not provide genetic differences in the individuals
produced.

Question 10:
Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
Answer 10:
Meiosis is a process of reductional division in which the amount of genetic
material is reduced. Gametogenesis is the process of the formation of
gametes. Gametes produced by organisms are haploids (containing only one
set of chromosomes), while the body of an organism is diploid. Therefore,
for producing haploid gametes (gametogenesis), the germ cells of an
organism undergo meiosis. During the process, the meiocytes of an
organism undergo two successive nuclear and cell divisions with a single
cycle of DNA replication to form the haploid gametes.


Question 11:
Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (n) or
diploid (2n).
(a) Ovary ———————————
(b) Anther ———————————
(c) Egg ———————————
(d) Pollen ———————————
(e) Male gamete ———————————
(f ) Zygote ———————————
Answer 11:
(a) Ovary Diploid (2n)
(b) Anther Diploid (2n)
(c) Egg Haploid (n)
(d) Pollen Haploid (n)
(e) Male gamete Haploid (n)
(f ) Zygote Diploid (2n)

Question 12:
Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.
Answer 12:
External fertilization is the process in which the fusion of the male and the
female gamete takes place outside the female body in an external medium,
generally water.
Fish, frog, starfish are some organisms that exhibit external fertilization.


Disadvantages of external fertilization:
In external fertilization, eggs have less chances of fertilization. This can lead
to the wastage of a large number of eggs produced during the process.
Further, there is an absence of proper parental care to the offspring,

NCERT 12 BIO 1 CH

Question 1:
Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
Answer 1:
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all living organisms. It is a
biological process through which living organisms produce offspring’s
similar to them. Reproduction ensures the continuance of various species on
the Earth. In the absence of reproduction, the species will not be able to exist
for a long time and may soon get extinct.


Question 2:
Which is a better mode of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why?
Answer 2:
Sexual reproduction is a better mode of reproduction. It allows the formation
of new variants by the combination of the DNA from two different
individuals, typically one of each sex. It involves the fusion of the male and
the female gamete to produce variants, which are not identical to their
parents and to themselves. This variation allows the individual to adapt to
constantly changing and challenging environments. Also, it leads to the
evolution of better suited organisms which ensures greater survival of a
species. On the contrary, asexual reproduction allows very little or no
variation at all. As a result, the individuals produced are exact copies of their
parents and themselves.



Question 3:
Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Answer 3:
A clone is a group of morphologically and genetically identical individuals.
In the process of asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and there
is no fusion of the male and the female gamete. As a result, the offsprings
so produced are morphologically and genetically similar to their parents and
are thus, called clones.



Question 3:
Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Answer 3:
A clone is a group of morphologically and genetically identical individuals.
In the process of asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and there
is no fusion of the male and the female gamete. As a result, the offsprings
so produced are morphologically and genetically similar to their parents and
are thus, called clones.



Question 3:
Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Answer 3:
A clone is a group of morphologically and genetically identical individuals.
In the process of asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and there
is no fusion of the male and the female gamete. As a result, the offsprings
so produced are morphologically and genetically similar to their parents and
are thus, called clones.


Question 4:
Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of
survival. Why? Is this statement always true?
Answer 4:
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the male and the female gamete.
This fusion allows the formation of new variants by the combination of the
DNA from two (usually) different members of the species. The variations
allow the individuals to adapt under varied environmental conditions for
better chances of survival. However, it is not always necessary that the
offspring produced due to sexual reproduction has better chances of
survival. Under some circumstances, asexual reproduction is more
advantageous for certain organisms. For example, some individuals who do
not move from one place to another and are well settled in their
environment. Also, asexual reproduction is a fast and a quick mode of
reproduction which does not consume much time and energy as compared
to sexual reproduction.

NCERT CLASS 6 CH 2

Fill the blanks with appropriate answers:

1) Deficiency of Vitamin D causes ________

2) A disease known as beriberi is caused due to the deficiency of _______

3) _______ is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.

4) Deficiency of _________ in our food causes night blindness.

Answers:

Deficiency of Vitamin D causes Rickets.

A disease known as beriberi is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin B1.

Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.

Deficiency of Vitamin A in our food causes night blindness.

CLASS 6 SCIENCE CH1

1. What is food?

Ans. Food is the edible substance which are consumed by humans and other animals to absorb energy for various activities like physical movement, growth and development.

2. Why is it advised that we should prefer eating cooked food?

Ans. It advised that we should prefer eating cooked food because by cooking harmful germs will be destroyed and becomes germless. Cooked food can be easily digested and absorbed by our digestive system in our body. Cooking will also enhance the taste of food.

3. Illustrate the significance of food for living organisms.

Ans. The importance of food is:

(i) They are converted into energy which is required to do various activities.

(ii) It helps in growth of living organisms.

(iii) It helps in the process of repair and replace of damaged parts of the body of living organisms.

(iv) It safeguards us from various diseases and infections.

4. Illustrate the different sources of food items and ingredients with the help of examples.

Ans. There are mainly two sources of ingredients of various food items:

(a) Plants: Plants provide us vegetables, pulses, fruits, cereals, grains etc.

(b) Animals: Animals provide us meat, eggs, and milk etc.

5. Explain the term herbivores.

Ans. Herbivores are the animals which eat only plants or plant products. For instance, cow, goat and buffalo are herbivores.

CBSC CLASS 12 PHYSICS CH1

Expression for electric field intensity at a point:

10 Interesting things a student should do when bored

Electric field intensity due to a point charge:

Electric field intensity at any point due to a group of point charges:

Electric field intensity at any point due to a group of point charges is equal to the vector sum of electric field intensities due to individual charges at the same point.

Electric Dipole:

An electric dipole consists of a pair of equal and opposite point charges separated by some small distance.

Dipole Moment:

It is a measure of the strength of electric dipole. The magnitude of dipole moment is given by product of either charge and the distance between them.

It is a vector quantity whose direction is from negative to positive charge.

CLASS 9 CH1

Q. Define:

(i) Fluid

(ii) Buoyant force

Ans. (i) The states of matter that can flow due to less intermolecular force of attraction and have no fixed shape, are called as fluids. For example: Liquids and gases.

(ii) Buoyant force: It is the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it.

Q. List any three properties on the basis of which a colloidal solution can be recognized.

Ans. Following are the properties that can help distinguish a colloidal solution: (Write any three)

(i) The particles in a colloidal solution are too small to be viewed by naked eyes. These particles can be observed only through an ultra microsope.

(ii) Particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed.

(iii) Colloidal solutions cannot be filtered using a filter paper.

(iv) Colloidal solution is heterogeneous a solution.